mObİdİk

I. INTRODUCTION At some points in time, when nothing ‘else’ is expected, even when the end of history is declared, rules of the dialectic remind us of themselves and once again the memory of man changes. It is sometimes a clash of a sudden and sometimes a long passage of a challenge. And at those points, there is no possibility to grasp things by the same old language anymore and no one ever may see the same thing with the same old look. Even though it might be read as a process of challenge, to claim the transformation of Europe to be one such point would be too much . But maybe the traces of this ever-closer Union reveals a direction to one of those points. Changing from an economic community to a political union was perhaps the realization of one of the oldest dreams about Europe though the year 1992 is not regarded as a dawn-break by many. But beyond the discussion on the form of the new structure -be it a European state or a ‘Staatenverbund’ -, what has formed in the heart of the old continent is something far beyond the grasp of a static understanding. Now, as declared by Jürgen Habermas, the challenge before Europe is not to invent anything but to conserve the great democratic achievements of the European nation-state, beyond its own limits. The European Union, still, is in a literally constitutional progress the main actors of which are, because all this process is realized through treaties, the Member States. The enhanced power of the Parliament in the process of legislation has not made the Union publicized or the member state nationals get involved in this evolution of their lives. The necessary public debates for the citizens to feel they are the authors of law take place only after the treaties enter into force and therefore the deficit of democracy keeps popping out on every corner. And in the very heart of these discussions is the absence of a European public sphere where interactive communication can be matured. Below, it is planned to explain i. what this research is about, ii. why it was chosen to work on , iii. what is it investigated for, iv. limits of the research and finally v. how it is organized by which I refer to the method I used. Finally I will introduce my argument and the layout of the project. i. This is a project that deals with the core notion of the constitutional structure and the deficit of democracy in Europe. It is about ‘ European citizenship’. And citizenship being the main actor of modernity and nation-state whereas the new post-national union of Europe requires a new language to handle its existential problems, the issue is complicated. But it is also the language that is going to determine the future of the Union. Regarding the heritage of nation state as above emphasized by Habermas, a new citizenship must be defined for a multi cultural and multi national union of Europe. On the other hand , democracy does not exist in vacuum. It is the existence of a demos that makes up a democracy. But what makes up a demos? The answer to this question reveals who you are and where you stand in context of the European Union. Scholars in favor of defining demos with reference to organic or cultural bounds think that because the European nations lack homogeneity there is –if not no- only little possibility of a future European federation while the scholars putting the emphasis on constitutional definition and voluntary action of individuals claim that despite this heterogeneous structure constitution can hold the people of Europe together. In this context we can also claim that the understanding of citizenship determines the understanding of European Union. As I will discuss later, the perception of citizenship notion plays a key role in the progress from economic community to a union. And it is possible to see every maneuver of integration pursuing the evolution of European citizenship. The enlarged interpretations of the Court of Justice on the rights conferred to individuals holding the nationality of a Member State to many other groups is just an example of citizenship not only being symbolically regarded but also respected to trigger a constitutional concept to change individual as an economic figure to an active member of a political society. As this project will prove it is sometimes possible to (re) construct an image only taking one basic element as a starting point. ii. Ci


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