Tunaltay

Fill in the blanks with the suitable one of the four words in blankets

In the late 1960's, three scientists ran some accelerator experiments to study the nucleus at the _________(outside/ edge/ center / perimeter) of the atom. They ran the experiments because they wanted to know more about the structure of the _________ (nucleus / accelerator / electromagnet / spectrometer). They found that the protons and neutrons in the nucleus are made of quarks. The discovery of _________(alpha / quarks / nuclei / electron) raised new questions about the nucleus.
The three scientists are Richard Taylor, Henry Kendall and Jerome Friedman. They did their experiments from 1967 to 1973 in California at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, called SLAC for short. These scientists won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics, one of the world's greatest honors for _________( teachers / engineers / farmers / scientists).

In the 1960's some scientists, like Murray Gell-Mann, were beginning to think that each nucleon might really be made up of even smaller particles. Gell-Mann even had a name for the smaller _________ (nucleon / quarks / particles / gell). He called them quarks.
Taylor, Kendall and Friedman used beams of high-energy electrons at SLAC to explore deep inside atoms. Inside the two mile long accelerator the electrons gained energy as they moved along in a beam almost as fast as light. At the end of the accelerator, some hydrogen was the target for the electrons. Sometimes an electron would _________ ( crash / glide / slip / fall ) into the proton inside of the hydrogen atoms. These crashes were far too tiny to see directly or even with a microscope. The three experimenters used spectrometers to _________ ( wonder / observe / question / argue ) what happened.

Each spectrometer consisted of huge electromagnets, about the _________ ( size / color / purpose / strength ) of a bus, and some detectors. When electrons crash into a target nucleus, a spectrometer measures their angles and energies as they bounce away. The electrons were not striking solid protons. They were striking vibrating clusters of quarks. Each proton is a cluster or three _________ ( quarks / bounces / clusters / protons); each neutron is too.

This new discovery led to new questions. Experiments at Jefferson Lab will answer new _________ (inventions / questions / discoveries / statements ) about quarks and nuclei. That's how scientific research works. There is always something new to find out!

In fact, that's why Alfred B. Nobel started the Nobel _________( medals / trophies / prizes / certificates) in 1901. In December, 1990, Taylor, Kendall and Friedman went to Stockholm, Sweden, to receive their Nobel Prize in Physics. The three winners shared not only the honor of the Nobel, but the _________ (book / certificate / paper / money) that comes with it: $710,000.

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